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The occurrence animal's dangerous infections and zoonoses in the Czech Republic and South Bohemian Region
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence and frequency of dangerous animal infections and zoonotic diseases in the Czech Republic and the South Bohemian Region in the years 2014 to 2018. The hypothesis of this paper is to find whether the number of outbreaks of dangerous animal infections and zoonotic diseases in the last 5 years has increased. In the first section I deal with the actual characteristics of infections, their course and latency. In the next section, I look at the history of infections, their discovery and, as the case may be, pandemics that caused certain infections. The third section describes the current infection situation which serves to meet the objectives and answers of the hypothesis. A description is presented here of the occurrence and frequency of infections in the Czech Republic and the South Bohemian Region. The data are also used as a tool to answer the hypothesis and assess the infection situation in the Czech Republic and in the South Bohemian Region. Data from the State Veterinary Administration, National Institute of Public Health and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control were analysed to meet this objective. In my paper I describe the most common animal infections and zoonotic diseases that affect the Czech Republic or are a global problem, and provide information about the infection situation concerning avian influenza, African swine fever virus, rabies, leptospirosis, salmonella, campylobacteriosis, Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, tularemie, bovine tuberculosis or the current Covid-19. This paper also presents a comparison of the data about the number of infected people in European Union countries, including the Czech Republic, and compares the occurrence of zoonotic diseases throughout the country and in the South Bohemian Region. In my paper I also describe the system of animal screening carried out by the State Veterinary Administration and the number of tested animals.
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Hepatitis E infection in hunters from wild cloven-hoofed game animals
Štěpán, Jan ; Kudlová, Jana (advisor) ; Chvojková, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: In the last ten years there has been a rapid increase of hepatitis E cases (hereinafter as HEV) in the Czech Republic and European Union. In accordance with findings from recent years the prevalence of this infection in boars, deer, roe deer, fallow deer and other cloven-hoofed game has risen too. Under Czech law these animals can be hunted by hunters who are the first ones to come into contact with the hunted animals in the greatest extent which entails the highest risk of infection. This Diploma Thesis deals with viral hepatitis E as an acute zoonotic virus transmissible from wild cloven-hoofed animals to hunters. The author sought to determine the level of awareness of the hunting society of the risks of infection, their awareness of this infection and protection against it to improve possible protection. The theoretic part of the Diploma Thesis deals with, including, but not limited to, basic information about viral hepatitis. Materials used to prepare the theoretic findings of this Diploma Thesis were obtained from a research made by the National Medical Library, from sources found in expert databases (ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Schollar and others), from the opinions of professional organisations and associations about HEV and their...
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Bats - viral Pandora's box
Mejsnar, Martin ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Bats, as a very old order of mammals, are significant reservoirs of viral pathogens and in many cases are also scientifically proven carriers of the viruses. These viruses are becoming more and more known, mainly due to the growing human population and thus the frequent contact of humans and bats. In this work I will follow up only some zoonoses that the Chiroptera family carries and I selected them according to their scientific knowledge and, of course, the impact on human society. However, this area is still full of information unclear or completely unknown, so further research is desirable. The basic methods of virus identification that are used to investigate new viruses are discussed in the second part. Key words: bats, virus, zoonosis, reservoir, epidemics
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The Importance of Public Health Protection and Veterinary Services Cooperation in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases
RICHTROVÁ, Daniela
The word infection is a term which causes uncertainty among people. After all, it is not too long ago when people were dying in pandemics of plague, cholera or influenza. A human can be infected by viruses, bacteria, fungal organisms or parasites, many of which can infect several animal species. Diseases transmissible from animals to humans are called zoonoses. For efficient surveillance of zoonoses the cooperation of both veterinary and hygienic services is required. Its aim is timely detection and elimination of infection sources. It is based primarily on pointed veterinary and hygienic-epidemiological surveillance. In this thesis, I focused on the importance of collaboration of veterinary and public health services in the prevention of infectious diseases. One of the objectives of this work is to compare the occurrence of selected human zoonosis diseases in South Bohemia in the years 2002-2010. The second objective is to compare the extent of anti-epidemic measures adopted by veterinary services and public health authorities. In this thesis, a qualitative-quantitative research was utilized. The research aimed to determine the importance of cooperation of public health authorities and veterinary services in the prevention of infectious diseases. The quantitative part of the survey was conducted through the method of secondary data analysis. In the qualitative part of the survey, a semi-structured interview was held with the head of the epidemiology department of the District Hygienic Station of České Budějovice and with the director of the Regional Veterinary Administration for the South Bohemian Region. On the basis of the results of the research and implemented interviews I came to this conclusion: 1) The co-operation during the transmission of infectious diseases is ensured sufficiently. 2) The range of anti-epidemic measures adopted in the veterinary field and in the field of public health is sufficient. This thesis can serve as an educational material for students studying Bachelor or Master Degree of public health protection, because as public health service employees they will deal with issues related to veterinary supervision in practice.
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Current problems of zoonoses in the Czech Republic and the risks associated with them
SOUMAROVÁ, Michaela
Both wild and domestic animals can be the source of severe infections, such as the viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic human infections, that are called zoonoses. Zoonoses are infections being transmitted naturally among the animals and people in a direct or indirect way. Currently there are more than 200 known zoonoses. Within the Czech Republic, the most frequent zoonotic diseases are campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, Lyme disease, tick-borne meningoencephalitis, tularemia, ornithosis, toxoplasmosis, and leptospirosis. Some zoonoses have already been eradicated from our territory (brucellosis, rabies). Immunosuppressed individuals belong to the main vulnerability group. Due to the changes of climate conditions and travelling to exotic countries, the diseases previously unrecognized in our conditions occur. Actual problem is represented by the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. Monitoring is a tool for the assessment of zoonoses and their prevalence and sources, as well as for the determining the level of their risks. In the Czech Republic monitoring is provided by the veterinary administration.
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